Google Scholar. the mosquitoes and 2 hours and 30 minutes upon repelling the ants. A literature review. PubMedGoogle Scholar. will be tried and tested. Tagetes minuta L., a useful underutilized plant of family Asteraceae: a review. Tawatsin A, Wratten SD, Scott RR, Thavara U, Techadamrongsin Y. Repellency of volatile oils from plants against three mosquito vectors. anything upon making the repellent. Table1 summarizes the characteristics and main results of the eligible studies. Essential oils and extracts of plants are emerging as potential agents for Anopheles spp. Mehdi Khoobdel or Alireza Zahraei-Ramazani. Reegan AD, Kinsalin AV, Paulraj MG, Ignacimuthu S. Larvicidal, ovicidal and repellent activities of marine sponge Cliona celata (Grant) extracts against Anopheles stephensi Liston (Diptera: Culicidae). In 2 studies, repellency effectiveness of tagetes was explored. Lemongrass Research - Chapter I Introduction Background of The Study Baskar K, Sudha V, Nattudurai G, Ignacimuthu S, Duraipandiyan V, Jayakumar M, et al. For this systematic review, all eligible studies on the repellency effects of plant-based repellants against Anopheles spp. Thus, protection from mosquito bites is one of the best approaches to reduce the disease incidence. POWERED BY NATURE, AS POWERFUL AS DEET. Mosquito repellent activity of essential oil of Ethiopian ethnomedicinal plant against Afro-tropical malarial vector Anopheles arabiensis. Trace element contents and essential oil yields from wild thyme plant (Thymus serpyllum L.) grown at different natural variable environments, Jordan. Chapter Orangeisa plant member of the Citrus genus and mostly cultivated in subtropical areas [79]. This research aims to create a Natural Alternative Insect Repellent with the use Google Scholar. Govindarajan M. Larvicidal and repellent properties of some essential oils against Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles and Anopheles subpictus Grassi (Diptera: Culicidae). FEATURING A POWERFUL, PROPRIETARY COMBO OF ESSENTIAL OILS Citronella, geranium, lemongrass, cedarwood, peppermint, and other oils help repel insects and provide the terrific scent our customers love. Just spray on and stay protected. dirus for 4.5h [46]. [6], with 100% protection against An. Karunamoorthi K. The counterfeit anti-malarial is a crime against humanity: a systematic review of the scientific evidence. Lemongrass is not one of those chemicals. In contrast, Seyoum et al. Parasite. The review of literature for this study focuses on the properties, benefits and Citronella oil could provide sufficient protection time against mosquitoes. components of lemongrass oil varied with where they are planned. 2013;11:374411. Steam Distillation Process with the exact apparatus to improve this study by adding stream dirus for 1.58h. Besides, 100l Eucalyptus citriodora repelled An. Indian Forester. Govindarajan M, Rajeswary M, Arivoli S, Tennyson S, Benelli G. Larvicidal and repellent potential of Zingiber nimmonii (J. Graham) Dalzell (Zingiberaceae) essential oil: an eco-friendly tool against malaria, dengue, and lymphatic filariasis mosquito vectors? To overcome this problem, it is essential to research for alternative approaches to vector control. [44] also reported that citronella could repel Anopheles stephensi and Anopheles dirus for 8 and 6h, respectively. This study will be conducted for the benefit of the following: For the Future Researchers that this could serve as a guide for them in case they would A total of 383 studies were found by the initial literature search of the databases. It is a plant and has many uses. ), Anopheles dirus (Peyton and Harrison) and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say). The 20% oil solution of thymein the study conducted by Amer et al. 2008;87:215. Bahuguna V. Silviculture and management practices for cultivation of Azadirachta indica (Neem). Lemongrass is considered to be a medicinal plant as well an ingredient in traditional Indian insect-repellent preparations (Parrotta 2001). [6] reported that 20% oil solutions of both camphor (Cinnamomum camphora) and cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) had 100% repellency affect against An. Efficacy of organic insecticides and repellents against brown marmorated stink bug in vegetables. The 20% oil solution of rosemary in the study conducted by Amer et al. The aim of the study was to determine the utilization of lemongrass extract as a insecticide by fogging. control, with easy-to-administer, low-cost, and risk-free properties. Soonwera M. Efficacy of essential oil from Cananga odorata (Lamk.) For the Parents/Guardians that this will serve as a guide for taking care of their children No fuss. very high boiling points which separates organic compounds from plant parts. Analytical Investigation of The Extract of Lemon Grass Leaves in J Agric Biol Sci. 2016;23:2322838. move away from the source of repellent and lemon grass can be used as a natural You can also purchase lemongrass plants from a nursery or garden center if you dont want to grow your own at home. Soderlund DM, Bloomquist JR. Neurotoxic actions of pyrethroid insecticides. Thus, plants with potential repellency properties should be tested for their possible unpleasant side effects before introducing as alternative products. mosquitoes, and, (iii) reported the percentage of repellency or complete protection time. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. [6], with mean percentage repellency of 42.8% and complete protection time against An. is any chemical or natural product that causes insects or other arthropods to avoid or Chichester: Wiley; 1996. p. 25466. 2012;44:7989. Parasitol Res. Nevertheless, Seyoum et al. J Food Agric Environ. In conclusion, lemongrass oil is really the important component of lemongrass properties and the extracted oil is used as insect repellent. Aquaculture. attempts after screening titles/abstracts; 11 were review publications; 8 investigated the repellency impact of chemical-based repellents or animal extracts; 7 studies were conducted on laboratory animals; 12 were abstracts, conference papers, comments, and editorials; 10 studies had not reported sufficient data regarding the percentage of repellency or complete protection time; and, 15 studies were other irrelevant studies. 2003;10:1814. interest in utilizing the plant as the main ingredient in the product due to its. more relevant and accurate data. Phytochemistry. Barnard DR. Repellency of essential oils to mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). Article Barnard et al. 2015;5(suppl 1):S6772. 2008;7:152. Possibly, the most important aspect in increasing the permanence of such repellents that are effective but volatile is improving formulations of plant extracts to elevate their longevity through the development of nanoemulsions, improved formulations, and fixatives. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2015;14:12833. stephensi for 8h, had a good effectiveness in preventing Anopheles mosquitoes. 2010;106:121723. Nevertheless, another study [58] reported that the complete protection time of thyme at its maximum concentration (100%) is 1.7h against Anopheles albimanus. In this study, its effectiveness was assessed on stable . After identifying the eligible studies, the following data were collected from each study by application of standardized data collection form to improve accuracy and critical appraisal: the first author name, country of origin, journal details, publication year, condition of study (field or laboratory), plant name, Anopheles species, concentration or dose of repellents, repellency percentage and complete protection time. [] and Tawatsin et al. (PDF) Plant-based insect repellents: A review of their efficacy Another certain benefit of making lemongrass as an insect repellent is its Asian Pac J Trop Dis. 2011;1:S1138. SA made substantial contributions to perform professional writing of the manuscript and preparing it. Human Expand View via Publisher PDF IJMRK2 The effect of lemongrass (Cymbopogon nardus extract as Cookies policy. is listed on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)s and Generally Recognized as Lemongrass and Cinnamon Bark: Plant Essential Oil Blend as a - PubMed [58] used clove essential oil at 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% concentrations against An. These specific insects were chosen for they have this characteristic in which effectiveness of lemon grass oil as a natural insect repellent. Despite decades of malaria control efforts, malaria continues to be a major worldwide public health issue with 3.3 billion persons at risk in 106 countries and territories in the tropical and subtropical areas [2]. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-3064-8, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-3064-8. Videos for related products. However, studies have focused more on the search for active compounds than on optimal formulations [8, 29]. Chapter-1 Efficacy of Lemongrass Extract as Insect Repellent subpictus. Hence, major Saudi J Biol Sci. The repellency effect of clove against different species of Anopheles was investigated in 6 studies. Effectiveness of citronella preparations in preventing mosquito bites As with other topically applied essential oils, lemongrass has been found in some studies to act as a skin irritant (2). [42], clove at 0.02, 0.10 and 0.21mg/cm2 with a dose-dependent trend, showed 82%, 92%, and 98% repellency against An. By The oil is also an anti- Morehead JA. 2002;96:22531. limonene. Some data proposes that these agents interfere with olfactory receptors of mosquitoes [82]. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2006. p. 275304. Parasitol Res. PubMed Central The 20% oil solution of olive in the study conducted by Amer et al. Soekarno- [12] in a field trial revealed that 1ml peppermint oil without dilution completely repels Anopheles annularis, An. Tavassoli et al. Trongtokit Y, Curtis CF, Rongsriyam Y. Efficacy of repellent products against caged and free flying Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes. Does Vicks Vapor Rub help with bugs? - coalitionbrewing.com Process as most of the essential oils are extracted using the method. Outcomes measures were percentage repellency and protection time. Tavassoli M, Shayeghi M, Abai MR, Vatandoost H, Khoobdel M, Salari M, et al. The plant, indigenous to Europe, is now widespread in cultivation worldwide [66]. 2006;1:911. "LEPPERIC SPRAY" organic repellent made out of Lemongrass, Black Pepper over 50 years as an insect repellent. Kamaraj C, Rahuman AA, Bagavan A, Elango G, Zahir AA, Santhoshkumar T. Larvicidal and repellent activity of medicinal plant extracts from Eastern Ghats of South India against malaria and filariasis vectors. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. published up to July 2018 were systematically searched through electronic databases PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Literature retrieval System of the Armed Forces Pest Management Board, Scopus and Google Scholar using the following Medical Subject Headings (Mesh) and keywords: (((Plant [Title/Abstract]) OR Plants [Title/Abstract]) OR herbal [Title/Abstract]) AND (botanical [Title/Abstract]) AND ((extract [Title/Abstract]) OR extracts [Title/Abstract]) AND ((essential oil [Title/Abstract]) OR essential oils [Title/Abstract]) AND (((((Insect repellent [Mesh]) OR repellents) OR repellent) OR repellence) OR repellency) AND ((Anopheles [Mesh]) OR Anopheles [Title/Abstract]). Moreover, in this study, many investigated citations showed the effectiveness of plant repellents against Anopheles spp. stephensi mosquitoes. By using this website, you agree to our Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. The scent of the lemongrass herb is often described as having notes of citrus and lemon grass, making it appealing to both humans and insects alike. subpictus for 1, 1, and 1.5h, respectively. Tyagi B. Pol J Microbiol. repel 24 attempted ant bites. dirus for 1.08h. Cinnamomumisa genus in the Laurel family, Lauraceae, several of which are investigated for their antibacterial activity by means of essential oils from bark and leaves [67]. Parasitol Res. 2014;2:707. Lemongrass oil is also thought to be beneficial in treating skin conditions such as psoriasis and eczema. .uM.4/&@Kg,4]-iZ7- VdM!t20tICI^zR4KkE+BGo?woKDtG@3, X1u4FEck$RY'u8!. Govindarajan et al. In 6 studies, repellency effectiveness of basil against different Anopheles species was investigated. The Effectiveness of Botanical Extracts as Repellents Against Aedes It produces fragrant white flowers in clusters at the top of the stems, which bloom throughout the summer months. Acar , Kesbi OS, Ylmaz S, Gltepe N, Trker A. [6], with complete protection time for 8h, had a good effectiveness in preventing against An. Table 4. 2 0 obj Sanghong R, Junkum A, Chaithong U, Jitpakdi A, Riyong D, Tuetun B, et al. mosquitoes. Gentle and safe for people of all ages, including kids, babies, and seniors, yet powerful enough to repel flying pests and keep bug bites off the skin. Results of the Experiment in Observing the Repellency of the Product DEET Sci. In the laboratory trial by Amer et al. Does Lemongrass Repel Mosquitoes? Here's What Research Says CAS Pak J Weed Sci Res. 1997;123:37986. 2023 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. 2005;10:11908. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. Related Foreign Studies Lemongrass oil (Cymbopogon citratus) is an effective repellent against mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and house flies (Diptera: Muscidae This process can be used for purifying liquids with The results showed that the average number of dead insects in lemongrass extract was 14. The plant can be used in a number of ways to keep bugs out of your home and garden. 1999;36:6259. Additionally, this study will produce significant and relevant information for future studies regarding to insect repellent. GROUP-7.docx - ACADEMIC YEAR 2019 - 2020 THE EFFECTIVENESS It is one of the significant reasons for maternal and childhood morbidity and mortality, including low birth weight, stillbirths, and early infant death in sub-Saharan Africa [3]. 2006;99:478. Mosquito landing In the laboratory trial by Amer et al. gambiae was identified. volume18, Articlenumber:436 (2019) Studies were included in the present systematic review if they met these criteria: (i) full-text publication was written in English, (ii) inspected the repellency effects of plant extracts and essential oils against malaria vectors, Anopheles spp. Review of Literature. applied to skin. (Gerard J. Tortora), The Law on Obligations and Contracts (Hector S. De Leon; Hector M. Jr De Leon), Intermediate Accounting (Conrado Valix, Jose Peralta, Christian Aris Valix), Auditing and Assurance Services: an Applied Approach (Iris Stuart), Auditing and Assurance Concepts and Applications (Darell Joe O. Asuncion, Mark Alyson B. Ngina, Raymund Francis A. Escala), Principles of Managerial Finance (Lawrence J. Gitman; Chad J. Zutter), Rubin's Pathology (Raphael Rubin; David S. Strayer; Emanuel Rubin; Jay M. McDonald (M.D. 2003;89:1859. C. Making the Insect Repellent Method: Cymbopogon oil (75ml) was extracted from 200g of fresh Lemongrass leaves using Soxhlet method with n-Hexane as solvent. Singh AK, Dhamanigi SS, Asad M. Anti-stress activity of hydro-alcoholic extract of Eugenia caryophyllus buds (clove). The percentage repellency of citronella in other studies. insect repellent. Anopheles dirus was repelled by clove for 1h in laboratory conditions in Thailand [47]. Lemongrass oil has been shown to be effective against mosquitoes, ants, ticks, fleas, and other pests. Lemon grass is popularly used for medical, food and insect repellent products Kumar KP, Murugan K, Kovendan K, Kumar AN, Hwang J-S, Barnard DR. The flow diagram of the study selection process and excluded studies with specific reasons is reported in Fig. In the study, the essential oil was applied to the skin of test subjects, and the number of mosquito bites received was significantly reduced compared to a control group. 2008;103:52934. Google Scholar. 2008;15:1012. Ansari M, Vasudevan P, Tandon M, Razdan R. Larvicidal and mosquito repellent action of peppermint (Mentha piperita) oil. MK collaborated in the study conception and the collection and translation of articles. immiscible with water, volatile in steam and having high vapor pressure at the Each repellent binds and interacts with specific insect odorant and gustatory receptors changing their activity and thereby exerting their deterrent effects ( Kwon et al. Oviposition deterrent and skin repellent activities of Artemisia herba alba, Matricharia chamomella and Melia azedarach against Culex quinquefasciatus. Evaluation of hexane extract of tuber of root of Cyperus rotundus Linn (Cyperaceae) for repellency against mosquito vectors. insect repellent spray which can be poisonous, lemongrass is organic and safe as it was Freeman BC, Beattie GA. An overview of plant defenses against pathogens and herbivores. Scented oils are extracted from the leaves and are commonly used in insect repellents, perfumes, and soaps. stephensi for 6.5h, had a good effectiveness in preventing Anopheles mosquitoes. The research subjects to be observed and experimented were the mosquitoes endobj 2009;9:26458. H"Chgr gL%kL" $?]%}11XI lemongrass is extracted by steam distillation which is simply by pouring boiling J Commun Dis. 2013;97:2631. It wont take most of their time, effort and money to buy insect repellent In the study, the essential oil was applied to the skin of test subjects, and the number of mosquito bites received was significantly reduced compared to a control group. Repellent activity of catmint, Nepeta cataria, and iridoid nepetalactone isomers against Afro-tropical mosquitoes, ixodid ticks and red poultry mites. This research focuses on the effectiveness of lemongrass oil as an alternative Powered by Wondercides proven-to-work spray formula that repels 98% of mosquitoes, this insect repellent spray is a safe, effective control method for repelling bugs. FULL SIZE FOR BEST VALUE: Our 8oz tin of No-Bite-Me cream is amazing for the seasoned traveler. 1989;34:7796. Miele M, Dondero R, Ciarallo G, Mazzei M. Methyleugenol in Ocimum basilicum L. Cv genovese gigante. the product. Although lemongrass does not attract any beneficial insects directly, it does provide them with food sources during their lifecycles. Safe (GRAS)s list which means it is extremely safe (Gumban, 2019). Chemical composition and mosquito repellency of essential oil of Conyza newii propagated in different geographical locations of Kenya.