2009 Dec 14;169(22):2142-7. doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2009.384. Currently, there is not enough reliable data on the mid- and long-term consequences of pneumonia caused by COVID-19. Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. Recognizing and validating the impact of illness on quality of life should be part of the ongoing healthcare professional and patient interaction. He wasn't on FaceBook so his views on the subject are unknown. Creating a comprehensive rehabilitation plan may be helpful for some patients, and might include physical and occupational therapy, speech and language therapy, or vocational therapy, as well as neurologic rehabilitation for cognitive symptoms. Though the effects of hospitalization may not be unique to COVID-19 illness, they are considered post-COVID conditions if they occur after a SARS-CoV-2 infection and persist for four or more weeks. You may have trouble breathing or feel short of breath. Weara face mask if you have to go out. Long-term respiratory effects can occur COVID-19 has an impact on multiple organs such as the heart,3kidneys,4and liver5but the primary system affected has been the respiratory system with most of the clinical manifestations including cough, sputum production, dyspnea, fever, fatigue, and in severe cases acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and respiratory failure.68The The overwhelming Clin Infect Dis. You can change the settings and get more information in the. That means they may need to be treated with oxygen in a hospital. Shortness of breath or rapid breathing Chest pain when you cough or breathe deeply Headache Vomiting Fatigue or confusion How is pneumonia diagnosed? For the study, scientists performed a high-resolution analysis of the lung fluid of 86 COVID-19 patients on a ventilator and compared it with lung fluid from 256 patients on a ventilator who had other types of pneumonia. In severe pneumonia, lungs are filled with inflammatory material. Lee SH, Shin HS, Park HY, et al. For patients who may require imaging based on clinical findings, symptom management and a rehabilitation plan can often be initiated simultaneously with the imaging workup. WebFlu vaccines and anti-pneumonia shots are being looked into as one of countermeasures against COVID-19. Why do doctors underdiagnose these 3 conditions in women? Long Covid-19: Proposed Primary Care Clinical Guidelines for Diagnosis and Disease Management. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. Check with your local health department about testing availability. persistent symptoms and conditions that begin at the time of acute COVID-19 illness, new-onset signs, symptoms, or conditions following asymptomatic disease or a period of acute symptom relief or remission, an evolution of symptoms and conditions that include some persistent symptoms (e.g., shortness of breath) with the addition of new symptoms or conditions over time (e.g., cognitive difficulties), worsening of pre-existing symptoms or conditions, physical deconditioningat baseline or after a prolonged acute disease course that can be nonspecific to COVID-19, physical and mental health consequences of illness with a long or complicated disease course, including depression and anxiety, social, environmental, and economic stressors caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, Post-exertional malaise* and/or poor endurance, differing symptoms or conditions investigated, the temporal criteria used (three weeks up to many months following SARS-CoV-2 infection), the study settings included (outpatient vs. inpatient), how symptoms and conditions are assessed (e.g., self-report vs. electronic health record database), organ damage resulting from acute phase infection, complications from a dysregulated inflammatory state, ongoing viral activity associated with an intra-host viral reservoir. Its a disease that comes on quickly and causes breathing problems. Compared with the 2020 comparison group, the new or persistent conditions that showed the greatest risk were respiratory failure, fatigue, high blood pressure, memory issues, kidney injury, mental health-related diagnoses, hypercoagulability which occurs when the blood clots more easily and cardiac rhythm disorders. So I think this study begins to shift the frame of how we look at illnesses in older people, said Dr. Arbaje. For these patients, and others who may not have the stamina for extended or lengthy assessments, modifications in the testing plan may also be needed. The virus enters a healthy cell and uses the cell to make new virus parts. For patients who report previous infection with SARS-CoV-2, in addition to standard vital signs (i.e., blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, pulse-oximetry, body temperature) and body mass index, healthcare professionals should evaluate ambulatory pulse-oximetry for individuals presenting with respiratory symptoms, fatigue, or malaise. Scientists took cells from patients lung fluid and looked at the RNA and the proteins those cells express, enabling them to identify how these immune cells drive inflammation. Alternative reasons for health problems need to be considered, such as other diagnoses, unmasking of pre-existing health conditions, or even SARS-CoV-2 reinfection. And if were going to invoke that theory, then we should also study whether there are any sequelae do people have exacerbations of their underlying illness shortly after vaccination?, So I think keeping an open mind on everything related to COVID-19, including vaccines, I think that needs to be studied. 2021 Jan 19;325(3):304-306. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.21465, Somani SS, Richter F, Fuster V, et al. In some cases, the infection can reach all the way down into your alveoli. actively investigate the full spectrum of COVID-19 illness, Services and Supports for Longer-Term Impacts of COVID-19, Multidisciplinary Quality Improvement Initiative, 2022 ACC Expert Consensus Decision Pathway on Cardiovascular Sequelae of COVID-19 in Adults: Myocarditis and Other Myocardial Involvement, Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection, and Return to Play, Post-COVID-19 Conditions in Children and Adolescents, Long COVID: A Primer for Family Physicians, European Respiratory Society Statement on Long COVID-19 Follow-Up, COVID-19 rapid guideline: managing the long-term effects of COVID-19, Guidance on Long COVID as a Disability Under the ADA, Section, COVID-19 and the Americans with Disabilities Act, Supporting Employers with Long COVID: A Guide for Employers, What You Should Know About COVID-19 and the ADA, the Rehabilitation Act, and Other EEO Laws, Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Providing Medical Evidence for Individuals with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS), PolicyNet/Instructions Updates/EM-21032 REV : Evaluating Cases with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), ECHO Program on Long COVID Treatments and Fatiguing Illness Recovery, Webinar Thursday, May 5, 2022 Evaluating and Supporting Patients Presenting with Cognitive Symptoms Following COVID, Webinar September 30, 2021 Evaluating and Supporting Patients Presenting With Fatigue Following COVID-19, Webinar June 17, 2021 Evaluating and Caring for Patients with Post-COVID Conditions, Find COVID-19 guidance for your community, The Accountable Health Communities Health-Related Social Needs Screening Tool, AAFP Social Determinants of Health resources, Nalbandian A, Sehgal K, Gupta A, Madhavan MV, et al. Anyone can get COVID-19 pneumonia, but its more likely in people who are 65 or older. Healthcare professionals and patients should continue to discuss progress and challenges and reassess goals as needed. What is the latest research on the form of cancer Jimmy Carter has? The Lancet Infectious Disease: Radiological findings from 81 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study., National Cancer Institute: NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms - alveoli., Biophysical Journal: How Viruses Invade Cells., Johns Hopkins Medicine: Coronavirus COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2)., The Lancet Respiratory Medicine: Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome., World Health Organization: Report of the WHO-China Joint Mission on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), Q&A on coronaviruses (COVID-19)., The Lancet: COVID-19: What is next for public health? Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study., UpToDate: Patient education: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (The Basics), Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)., American Lung Association: Pneumonia Treatment and Recovery., American Thoracic Society: What is Pneumonia?, Radiology: Time Course of Lung Changes On Chest CT During Recovery From 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pneumonia, Chest CT Findings in Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19): Relationship to Duration of Infection., Translational Lung Cancer Research: Ground-glass nodules of the lung in never-smokers and smokers: clinical and genetic insights.. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020 May 15;69(19):591-593. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-022-01810-6, A Proposed Framework and Timeline of the Spectrum of Disease Due to SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Illness Beyond Acute Infection and Public Health Implications | Cardiology | JAMA | JAMA Network, Toward Understanding COVID-19 Recovery: National Institutes of Health Workshop on Postacute COVID-19 | Annals of Internal Medicine (acpjournals.org), A clinical case definition of post COVID-19 condition by a Delphi consensus, 6 October 2021 (who.int), Early clues regarding the pathogenesis of long-COVID: Trends in Immunology (cell.com), National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Post-COVID Conditions: Healthcare Providers, Decontamination & Reuse of N95 Respirators, Purchasing N95 Respirators from Another Country, Powered Air Purifying Respirators (PAPRs), U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. Stay home and avoid others as much as you can. ICD-10-CM coding guidance can be found at 2022 ICD-10-CM Guidelines [583 KB, 115 pages], pages 30-31 (Section I.C.1.g.1.m). People with disabilities may require close follow-up related to functional limitations. Christian Gaebler et al., Nature. Patients who experienced multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS)during or after COVID-19 illness may be at higher risk for on-going multiorgan system effects and post-COVID conditions. Heart failure: Could a low sodium diet sometimes do more harm than good? First authors are Rogan Grant, Luisa Morales-Nebreda and, Northwestern recognized for internationalization amid high demand for global education, Hes helping young musicians bridge the gap between art and business, Why we should anthropomorphize COVID-19 and the flu, A majority of Americans have not received the latest COVID booster, study finds, Two Northwestern faculty-led teams celebrate 2022 Chicago Innovation Awards. treat severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia and lessen its damage. The lung infection tied to COVID-19was originally called novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia (NCIP). The first is seen in seriously ill patients typically in the intensive care unit and often on respiratory support. Different onset patterns for post-COVID conditions have been identified that further exemplify their heterogeneity, including: Factors that may further complicate the presentation of post-COVID conditions include: Some presentations may share similarities with other post-infectious syndromes, such as myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) and other forms of dysautonomia, or mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS). Early experiences of rehabilitation for individuals post-COVID to improve fatigue, breathlessness exercise capacity and cognition A cohort study. So I think the study is important, because it helps us begin to think of COVID-19 as having a broader effect than maybe one might have thought of before., [Another] reason this is significant is that it honors the patients disease or illness journey. For most patients, the goal of medical management of post-COVID conditions is to optimize function and quality of life. Update: COVID-19 Among Workers in Meat and Poultry Processing Facilities United States, AprilMay 2020. Those with COVID-19 pneumonia are sick for a long time, but the inflammation in their lungs is not as severe as regular pneumonia. What do we do? Those are still questions, but now, were asking how we help people recover, how we help them long-term, how we deal with the disability that occurs afterward and how we restructure our healthcare system to deal with a large number of people coming with all these sequelae that this study is starting to highlight. Dr. Alicia Arbaje, So I think this study is important, because it can help for planning purposes to help us see longer-term what we may need. You may also breathe faster. Cookies used to track the effectiveness of CDC public health campaigns through clickthrough data. If you need to go back and make any changes, you can always do so by going to our Privacy Policy page. If COVID-19 spreads to the lungs, it can cause pneumonia. Persistent Symptoms in Patients After Acute COVID-19. WebCOVID-19Common questionWhat does COVID-19 pneumonia cause?The pneumonia that COVID-19 causes tends to take hold in both lungs. Nat Med. These effects can include severe weakness and. Methods Seventy-two patients hospitalized with severe COVID-19 pneumonia who were discharged or died between 5 January 2020 and 3 March 2020 at Huangshi Infectious Disease Hospital were included. Hospital Clnic de Barcelona. 2021 Mar 31;372:n693. Although the research could not demonstrate causation, Dr. Cohen suggested that the findings may be the result of two different syndromes. Mental morbidities and chronic fatigue in severe acute respiratory syndrome survivors: long-term follow-up. Though medical systems have come very far, unequal care-giving remains an issue. Evanston, IL 60201. Now he's died of Covid pneumonia. Accessed at: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/339629/Policy-brief-39-1997-8073-eng.pdf, Huang Y, Pinto MD, Borelli JL, et al. Again, this is a theory because if we think about what protects us from heart attacks, strokes, and cancer and other things, its our immune system. The CDC states that well-fitting respirator masks (like N95s and KN95s) provide better protection than other masks. You may have a dry cough or a sore throat. Most older adults are under traditional Medicare, which would be more representative if the study had focused in that space. Skip to main content. myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), U.S. Census Bureaus Household Pulse Survey, help assess for current or previous infection, myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome, disparities in social determinants of health, Tools for cross-cultural communication and language access. While recovering from mild pneumonia, be sure to: Get plenty of sleep. Confusion. If patients with COVID-19 are carefully managed and the health care system isnt overwhelmed, you can get them through it, Budinger said. The lining can become irritated and inflamed. Can poor sleep impact your weight loss goals? Doctors are still studying whether these effects are permanent or might heal About BVHS; Mayo Clinic Care Network; News & Media; Contact Us Everyone experiences these conditions differently and may want different types of support or even no support at all. Regularly clean and disinfect surfaces in your home that you touch often, such as countertops and keyboards. Living With COPD: About Treatments, Exercise, and Diet, Pepper and Soap Trick Teaches Kids to Wash Hands. More Than 50 Long-Term Effects of COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. 2020;370:m3026. The study also revealed why the mortality among patients on a ventilator for COVID-19 was lower than patients on a ventilator due to regular pneumonia, the study reports. The study, launched with 2 million of funding from UK Research and Innovation (UKRI), aims to develop treatment strategies and prevent disability. The other broad category is those with milder infection not requiring hospitalization, and here, we have fewer answers. Deploying resources to these communities can help ensure disproportionately affected residents are aware of post-COVID conditions and have access to needed services. doi:10.1136/bmj.n693, Atalla E, Kalligeros M, Giampaolo G, et al. Accessed at: https://services.aap.org/en/pages/2019-novel-coronavirus-covid-19-infections/clinical-guidance/covid-19-interim-guidance-return-to-sports/, Greenhalgh T, Knight M, ACourt C, et al. How Many People With COVID-19 Will Get Pneumonia? In the modern intensive care unit, these bacteria or viruses are usually controlled either by antibiotics or by the bodys immune system within the first few days of the illness. Experts answer your questions. 2021 Apr;27(4):601-615. doi:10.1038/s41591-021-01283-z, Policy Brief 39 In the Wake of the Pandemic Preparing for Long COVID. 2021 Mar 1. doi:10.2139/ssrn.3769978, Al-Aly Z, Xie Y, Bowe B. High-dimensional characterization of post-acute sequalae of COVID-19. Post-COVID conditions are referred to by a wide range of names, including: Although standardized case definitions are still being developed, in the broadest sense, post-COVID conditions can be considered a lack of return to a usual state of health following acute COVID-19 illness. This page provides an overview for healthcare providers. Best food forward: Are algae the future of sustainable nutrition? Stock image from the attention at COVID cases in the Emergencies Area. One of the scientific communitys main concerns regarding the potential after-effects of COVID-19 infection is the development of pulmonary fibrosis. We cant look at causation, which is fine for this kind of study because they are open about it, and I think this study is meant to lead to other studies.. COVID Symptoms, Symptom Clusters, and Predictors for Becoming a Long-Hauler: Looking for Clarity in the Haze of the Pandemic. Experiencing post-COVID conditions can be confusing and frustrating, and a person who feels sick long-term may feel isolated. On a chest CT, they may see something they call ground-glass opacity because it looks like the frosted glass on a shower door. These effects can overlap with multiorgan complications, or with effects of treatment or hospitalization. This is the first study in which scientists analyzed immune cells from the lungs of COVID-19 pneumonia patients in a systematic manner and compared them to cells from patients with pneumonia from other viruses or bacteria. At the pulmonary level, it is known that a significant percentage of patients who have had a serious form of the illness present changes to respiratory function after three months of being discharged from hospital. WebSome people had a cough even after they recovered from COVID-19. Post-COVID syndrome: Incidence, clinical spectrum, and challenges for primary healthcare professionals. At the pulmonary level, a recent article analyses patients discharged from intensive care units after suffering a serious illness. Dr. Estores said the findings may be due to the limited knowledge doctors currently have of how to care for patients following the acute phase of COVID-19. This research infrastructure allowed them to show that pneumonia in patients with COVID-19 is different from other pneumonia, and more importantly, how it is different. A conservative physical rehabilitation plan might be indicated for some patients (e.g., persons with post-exertional malaise) and consultation with physiatry for cautious initiation of exercise and recommendations about pacing may be useful. These mid- and long-term effects are collectively known as post COVID-19 condition or long COVID. 2020 Oct;7(10):ofaa420. It splits into smaller and smaller branches in your lungs. Furthermore, since people from racial and ethnic minority groups are disproportionately affected by some chronic conditions that have characterized post-COVID conditions, new or worsening symptoms from these conditions might not be recognized as post-COVID conditions, leading to underestimation of post-COVID conditions prevalence in these populations. Follow-up visits with a healthcare professional might be considered every 23 months, with frequency adjusted up or down depending on the patients condition and illness progression. Chron Respir Dis. Update on long COVID prevalence estimate. People who get pneumonia may also have a condition called acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Post-COVID Conditions: Information for Healthcare Providers, How to Get Involved in Long COVID Research, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Multi-year studies will be crucial in understanding post-COVID conditions. WebMD does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Readmissions among patients with COVID-19. Post-COVID conditions might also include development of new or recurrent symptoms or unmasking of a pre-existing condition that occurs after the symptoms of acute COVID-19 illness have resolved. Many factors affect the length of recovery from pneumonia, including: Accessed at: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/NG188, Sis-Almirall A, Brito-Zern P, Conangla Ferrn L, et al. anxiety about abnormal results that do not have clinical significance, A basic panel of laboratory tests might be considered for patients with ongoing symptoms (including testing for non-COVID-19-related conditions that may be contributing to illness) to assess for conditions that may respond to treatment (, More specialized testing may not be needed in patients who are being initially evaluated for post-COVID conditions; however, expanded testing should be considered if symptoms persist for 12 weeks or longer (, Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) (e.g., Cognitive Function 4a), Post-Covid-19 Functional Status Scale (PCFS), Modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) Dyspnea Scale, Screen for Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms (SPTSS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Connective Tissue Disease Screening Questionnaire. This coronavirus can infect the upper or lower part of your respiratory tract. 2021 Apr 9. doi:10.1111/apa.15870, Say D, Crawford N, McNab S, et al. WebSkip to topic navigation. If you do not allow these cookies we will not know when you have visited our site, and will not be able to monitor its performance. The trunk is your trachea, or windpipe. COVID-19 can cause a range of breathing problems, from mild to critical. Pulmonology Department at Hospital Clnic de Barcelona. Early symptoms include fever, cough, and shortness of breath. Case study found that a patient who had Parkinson's Disease and who died after receiving third Covid-19 vaccination had developed necrotizing encephalitis in the Characterization of Prolonged COVID-19 Symptoms in an Outpatient Telemedicine Clinic. Dr. Arbaje was also not involved in the study. [This could include] public health infrastructure, disability, rehabilitation, considering what policies might be put into place to support people who have this illness, or the caregivers who are now needing to take off work or maybe quit to care for people with long-term disability, suggested Dr. Arbaje. Many people recovering from COVID-19 suffer from long-term symptoms of Many post-COVID conditions can be diagnosed clinically based on history and findings on physical examination. Case study found that a patient who had Parkinson's Disease and who died after receiving third Covid-19 vaccination had developed necrotizing encephalitis in the brain, and spike proteins from the vaccine were present in the location of the inflammation. However, pneumococcal carriers, especially children, were at an increased risk of contracting COVID-19. The study suggests macrophages cells typically charged with protecting the lung can be infected by SARS-CoV-2 and can contribute to spreading the infection through the lung. Continuity of care is important in the management of post-COVID conditions. Telehealth visitsmay be helpful for such patients with access to broadband. 2021 May 10. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00211-5, Carf A, Bernabei R, Landi F, et al. If you have been exposed to someone with COVID-19, you may become infected, even if you feel well. Post-COVID recovery Find out about possible causes of post-COVID-19 conditions and ways to manage symptoms. 2021 Apr;27(4):626-631. doi:10.1038/s41591-021-01292-y, Lund LC, Hallas J, Nielsen H, et al. The Stanford Hall consensus statement for post-COVID-19 rehabilitation. 2020 Jun;56(3):339-344. doi: 10.23736/S1973-9087.20.06298-X. Shortness of breath (dyspnea) or trouble breathing. An analysis of the prolonged COVID-19 symptoms survey by Patient-Led Research Team. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2020.12.009, Santhosh L, Block B, Kim SY, Raju S, Shah RJ, Thakur N, Brigham EP, Parker AM. 2020 Sep 7:e13700. 2021 Apr 7. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.5612, Office of National Statistics. After exposure to someone who has COVID-19, do the following: Call your health care provider or COVID-19 hotline to find out where and when to get a test. Most patients appear to recover from acute COVID-19 illness within four weeks. CDC continues to actively investigate the full spectrum of COVID-19 illness, from the acute phase to long-term effects and conditions. People with barriers to accessing health care due to lack of health insurance, access to healthcare professionals who accept their health insurance, or lack of transportation, childcare, or paid sick leave may face additional challenges accessing healthcare. A new national study will investigate the long-term effects of lung inflammation and scarring from COVID-19. Res Sq. The work was done as part of a consortium of investigators participating in the Successful Clinical Response in Pneumonia Therapy Systems Biology Center funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases led by Wunderink. That doesnt diminish the importance of the study, but I think it needs to be interpreted among this population, said Dr. Arbaje. Pneumonia caused by COVID-19 can result in significant respiratory after-effects. To do this, Dr. Cohen and his colleagues looked at the health insurance records of 133,366 older adults in the United States. Based on current information, many post-COVID conditions can be managed by primary care providers, using patient-centered approaches to optimize the quality of life and function of affected patients. Within three to six months, you may feel a bit tired and eventually symptom-free. As a result, when the COVID-19 pandemic hit, they were prepared to collect fluid from the lungs of these patients in a safe and systematic manner and compare it with fluid collected from other ICU patients with pneumonia collected before the pandemic. doi:10.1136/bmj.m3026, COVID-19 Rapid Guideline: Managing the Long-Term Effects of COVID-19. Dr. Arbaje said that the study would help doctors pay attention to a patients perspective and the disease journey they are on. 2021 Mar 31. doi:10.1016/j.chest.2021.03.044, OBrien H, Tracey MJ, Ottewill C, et al. The study suggests macrophages cells typically charged with protecting the lung can be infected by SARS-CoV-2 and can contribute to spreading the infection through the lung. Huisman, H. Endeman: Incidence of thrombotic complications in critically ill ICU patients with COVID-19, 04.13.2020. Its something that were starting to learn has longer-term effects beyond the respiratory component.. Healthcare providers should encourage patients to report any new or changing symptoms and to discuss any changes in activities or routines. 2021 Mar 5. doi: 10.1101/2021.03.03.21252086, Havervall S, Rosell A, Phillipson M, Mangsbo SM, Nilsson P, Hober S, Thlin C. Symptoms and Functional Impairment Assessed 8 Months After Mild COVID-19 Among Health Care Workers. As the infection travels your respiratory tract, your immune system fights back. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2021 Apr 30;70(17):644-650. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7017e3, Lund LC, Hallas J, Nielsen H, Koch A, Mogensen SH, Brun NC, Christiansen CF, Thomsen RW, Pottegrd A. Post-acute effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection in individuals not requiring hospital admission: a Danish population-based cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis. Chest. Fever. CDC twenty four seven. Current U.S. government Long COVID research and plans for accelerating research and innovation in Long COVID are summarized in the National Research Action Plan on Long COVID.
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